What is the Discussion Section?
The Discussion interprets your results. It answers the question: "So what?"
Difference Between Results and Discussion
- Results: "The plant grew 5cm in Week 1." (Facts only).
- Discussion: "The rapid growth in Week 1 suggests that the fertilizer accelerated cell division, supporting the hypothesis that..." (Interpretation).
The 6 Essential Elements of a Discussion
A strong Discussion follows a logical structure. Ensure you hit these six beats.
1. The Summary of Findings (The "Answer")
Start by answering your research question.
- Drafting Tip: "The results of this experiment demonstrate that..."
- Action: State whether your hypothesis was supported or rejected. Be direct.
2. Interpretation of Results (The "Why")
Explain the biological/chemical/physical mechanisms behind your data.
- Example: "The color change indicates that the enzyme was denatured at high temperatures, preventing substrate binding."
3. Comparison with Literature (The Context)
Do your results agree with established science?
- Agreement: "These findings align with Smith (2020), who also observed..."
- Disagreement: "Contrary to Jones (2019), our data suggests..."
- Why it matters: This proves you understand the broader scientific field.
4. Limitations (The Errors)
Science is messy. Admit your flaws.
- Systematic Errors: Equipment calibration.
- Random Errors: Human error, environmental changes.
- Tip: Don't just list errors. Explain how they affected the data. "The temperature fluctuation may have skewed the rate of reaction in Trial 2."
5. Implications (The Impact)
Why does this result matter?
- Example: "Understanding this protein pathway could lead to new targets for cancer drugs."
6. Future Research (The Next Step)
Science never ends. Suggest a follow-up experiment.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Repeating the Results
Do not copy-paste your graphs or tables here. The Discussion is for words, not data.
- Bad: "Table 1 shows that Group A had a mean of 50."
- Good: "The higher mean in Group A indicates that the treatment was effective."
2. Being Too Apologetic
While you must discuss limitations, don't trash your own work.
- Bad: "The experiment was a disaster because I spilled the solution."
- Good: "A procedural error in the handling of the solution may have introduced variability."
3. Introducing New Results
If you didn't mention it in the Results section, you can't discuss it here.
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Conclusion
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Frequently Asked Questions
Should I use the first person ("I") in a lab report?
Traditionally, no. Science is objective. Use the passive voice: "It was observed that..." or "The data suggests..." However, some modern journals allow "We found..." Check your specific module handbook.
What if my results were wrong/negative?
Negative results are still results! Do not fake the data. In the Discussion, explain why the hypothesis failed. Was the theory wrong? Was the methodology flawed? A brilliant discussion of a failed experiment can still get a First Class grade because it shows critical thinking.
How long should the Discussion be?
It is usually the longest section of the report. Aim for about 30-40% of the total word count. It needs to be substantial enough to explain the "Why" and "How" of your findings.
Can My Perfect Writing analyze my raw data?
Yes. If you have the Excel sheet but don't know what it means, we can perform the statistical analysis (standard deviation, T-tests) and write the Discussion based on those findings.
How do I cite sources in a lab report?
Most science reports use Harvard or Vancouver (numbered) referencing. You must cite every scientific claim. "Photosynthesis requires light (Smith, 2020)." Our writers ensure your bibliography is perfect.
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